Context of Communication Essay

Explain how to adapt communication with children and young people for: Building relationships is important in children and young people. You need to adapt your behaviour and communication accordingly. Assessing the situation and environment you are in. It is important that children in all situations feel secure and have a sense of value from you. Your interaction with them should show this. You need to be able to create a positive relationship with children and young people this in turn will create a positive relationship, which will allow them to feel, accepted as part of the school community. Age of a child or young person. Different ages will require different levels of attention. It is up to you to be able to differentiate the different levels. A younger child may need assurance and more physical contact rather than an older child. As a child matures the physical contact is reduced and instead there is an increase level of confidence needed. They will need more help in expressing their opinions and thought’s across as well as involving themselves in discussion. Adapting your vocab is a good way to help progress in these levels as well as your response. Reacting positively by listening and responding to them accurately will help in their progress of effective communication. The context of communication You need to be aware of different situations such as age, place etc. you will need to adapt the communication to this situation. Being aware of children/young adults’ level of development and understanding of cognitive and language ability. When starting to talk to child/young person it is usually best to try and talk about them about something they like. For example talk to them about football, music or computer games. When talking about something they know it is makes them feel more comfortable when talking to you. As well you can talk to them about hobbies, interests, friends and family which will hopefully let you know some of things they do at home and outside of school. This will make it easier to start a conversation off by asking about a family member or what a certain activity was like. Making the child/young person talk to you in friendly way. But it is important to remember though that you are not the child/young person friend or parent you have to always be clear a bout your role.

Student of the Year

WEDDINGS IN THE UAE Every nation has its own way of celebrating their festivals or personal occasions. These anniversaries are indeed very essential and important in the culture of every country in the world. Some people have different ways of celebrating their rituals and their dear parties. In the UAE, for example weddings have another different story. Have you ever asked your grandparents about their wedding? Weddings were different in the UAE in the past.In the days before the discovery of oil, the majority of people didn't have much money and they lived in smaller towns and villages where everyone knew every other. Unlike today when a wedding is a very expensive party for one day, weddings in the past often lasted for many days and the whole community took part in them. One day I asked my curved back and toothless grandmother about how she got married from my grandfather. Her cracked face smiled and produced a laughing sound . She didn't hesitate to answer me with pleasure as I amSome people who are 80 years old now remember when a dowry cost Dh 60 and Dh 40 would pay for a whole wedding. The family of the bride and her women neighbors made the wedding dress in a tent near her house , In the past , these dresses were very colorful and were sewn with a hand . It took several days to sew the bride's clothes, so women had a chance to visit. They often sang while they worked. When they the clothes were ready, they perfumed the clothes with incense and then stored the clothes in a wooden trunk.Then as now, henna decorations were very important for a beautiful bride. The groom's family prepared the place for the couple to live . The mother of the groom even made a cradle so that when the couple had their first child , the baby's bed would be all ready. A tailor made the groom's colored kandoora. Even the man wore henna sometimes in the past. Food was as important in the past as it is now. However, in the past, the families got together to make large amounts of r ice and meat that were served at the wedding.Since houses were smaller in the past, weddings were often held outdoors in small tents and both men and women attended them. The men danced and the women sang old songs about love and happiness. Wedding traditions change with time. Recently, more people have chosen to have their wedding parties in traditional tents set up near the houses instead of having them at luxury hotels . Some young Emiratis prefer to have their weddings in tents because it makes them feel more committed to heritage and traditions and it helps them save money and feel more private.Tent dealers are very happy with the increase in their business. On tent dealers once said more than 50% of their clients have been UAE nationals who have hire tents for their weddings . Another company said that they charge 25,000 Dhs for tents with full service for 1000 guests. It is a recent habit to have wedding parties in a 5-star hotel. A lot of neighbors and relatives could not at tend the wedding if it was in a hotel.

Boeing Company Analysis

Boeing Company Analysis The general external environment consists of six factors (see Exhibit 1) in assessing how a firm operates. These are the industry trends that cause Boeing to make strategic decisions that have an impact on their business. Some examples of the current external environmental factors affecting companies in the Aerospace and defense industry are discussed as follows. The economic factor consists of issues involving the current recession. During a recession the amount of leisure, optional and business travel decreases significantly. This affects the airlines and ultimately affects Boeing. It affects Boeing because if the airlines are not able to make a profit then they hold off or cancel plane orders. The Socio-cultural trend right now is geared towards being environmentally friendly. Many industries including the aerospace and defense industry is looking for ways to not emit gas or other pollutions to preserve the environment. In fact, Boeing has been working on their latest commercial plane the 787 dream liner. It is said to be â€Å"the most fuel efficient and world’s first commercial plane made with composite materials†. (Wikipedia 2010) The technological factor addresses concerns with being able to innovate using the best technology found through advanced research and development. Currently, Boeing is looking for technological changes to create a competitive edge for their newest project, the 787 dream liner, to outperform their leading competitor, Airbus. Legal and Political factors being discussed is Boeing not being able to sell to all countries and the possibility of some of the U.S. military programs being cancelled. â€Å"Boeing is looking to sell aircraft to Taiwan and china does not like the idea of this happening since they are the largest stakeholder to both the United States and Boeing (Cohan 2010)†. Recently U.S. defense secretary Robert Gates announced that â€Å"the U.S. is proposing to revise spending on military equipmentà ¢â‚¬  (Shalal-Esa 2010). The demographic trends coincide with the technology factor because buying patterns of travelers establish the need for these technological changes in the industry. Customers that spend money for the first class amenities or that rather purchase a plane ticket with an airline that offers more, are the reason why airlines request these changes from Boeing. Also, Boeing has very demanding customers. The airlines are the customers in Boeing’s industry and if they do not get what they ask for they look elsewhere to satisfy those needs. Firms need to ensure that they adjust to these trends before the change occurs. Failing to react in time and ignoring these factors could cause a firm to lose out to other firms that have already adjusted. Understanding and achieving success in the external environment will definitely make Boeing an idolized corporate leader among their customers and other competitors. The aerospace and defense industry is the major industr y Boeing is apart of. In this industry there are many changes in how it operates. The consumers who Boeing and the industry are trying to sell to are the large airlines who are still trying to recover from the 9/11 attacks and a slumping economy. You have to be able sell planes as cheap as possible without sacrificing quality and keeping costs low. The current industry dynamics are addressed in the general external factors above. All of these are a concern for the industry and some companies are adjusting to these changes and some are not. If a company does not make the necessary changes and ignore these new trends then they may find themselves not being able to attain profitable returns. Those firms who do make changes will have a competitive advantage and will be profitable, compared to their competitors.

Aspects of interntional accounting & finance Essay

Aspects of interntional accounting & finance - Essay Example Around the world the names and formats of the additional information do very, but the actual information included is often of a similar nature.'' Use recent journals as source of information 2008/2009, these journals will be the main source of information, also use latest books as source of information as the tutor does not accept older sources of information. (2008/2009), and only official websites to be used as sources of information. Financial results are objective numerical yardsticks designed to simplify the assessment of financial strength and progress over a period of time (Hanna et al 2002). Indeed, the increase in academic papers emphasizing on the importance of corporate reporting and financial results of late seems to have outpaced following the Enron Accounting Scandal (Hanna et al 2002:496). According to Hensmans (2003), Adam Smith the founding father of Economics has long acknowledged the important role of financial reporting when he argued that, "the common sense basis of a prospering economy could only be provided by prudence" (Hensman 2003:563). According to Lev (2003), financial results serve as major inputs into investor's valuation models, affecting securities prices and in turn managers compensation and wealth. The figures from financial results are also being used by institutional investors to gauge enterprise performance and the quality of management (Lev 2003). The aim of this paper is analyse BP's 2005 through 2008 annual reports so as to assess the influence of

Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 3

Research Proposal Example ng adults spent a lot of time on the social media and can be described as dabbing to virtual life as a result of websites like Facebook, Google plus, twitter Instagram and many others. The number of users of these websites continues to increase and their popularity is increasing as well. While it is an indication of the increased application of technological methods in communication, the number of hours that people are spending on these sites continues to increase as well. Although the communication can be productive and impact a positive change on someone, the misuse of the sites quickly becomes habitual and is thereby described as an addiction. It causes the users to value social media more than anything else. The study of social media addiction of people can provide analysis of many elements which affect people seal life as a result of the social media usage. This study will focus on the effects of addiction to the social media and not just its use. The usage of social media is a topic which has been widely studied due to the relevance of the social media in the modern times. It is extremely difficult for individuals to fail to utilize a social media site in the modern times due to their popularity. Increased usage has, however, been described as leading to addiction just like any other content which is addictive (Coyne, Padilla-Walker, & Howard, 2013). While the users commonly encounter various problems which include bullying and other related cybercrimes, addiction to these sites presents a daunting challenge to the people in the real life. Social media addiction poses a threat to the self-esteem of an individuals as it makes them lack confidence in real life (Twenge, 2013). This makes the users to look towards outwards acceptance of self-esteem rather than building confidence from within. The mental health of users has also been a factor that could be influenced by the addiction of individuals to the social media. Individuals have been observed to

Customer Service-Dealing with an Angry Customer-discussion Personal Statement

Customer Service-Dealing with an Angry Customer-discussion - Personal Statement Example nt’s view understood, I would then empathize with them, and respectively and understandingly show them that they did not deserve the unpleasant experience. An apology at this point would then show I was genuinely sorry I was that the issue happened, own the issue, and offer to make things right for this customer. I would then offer a solution to the customer’s problem by requesting to know what they believe should be done or offer a fair and realistic solution in a manner that provides satisfaction to the customer. Additionally, I would confidently detail an effort to demonstrate that such a problem would not occur with other customers by seeking for long-lived corrective measures and guarantee the customer that in the event of another issue, there will be someone ready to assist as a way of showing company value for them. Immediately after resolving the situation, I would take time-out for have a snack or tea, since this is a stressful situation despite the fact that I handled it professionally, in preparation for further engagement with

Mis 2200 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Mis 2200 - Essay Example Huber was absent. Ability to Work with Others—Tom is comfortable in a role as an individual contributor and highlights his knowledge and experience when working with others. In a managerial capacity, Tom can readily assume authority, and he might be even more effective if he were to work on his approach and be more collaborative and less dictatorial. Due to confidence in his knowledge and experience, Tom may have overstepped his authority on occasion. General Knowledge of Business Operations—Tom has worked in Mason’s Appliance Department for the past twelve years. He is the most senior staff member on the team, and his experience as an interim manager has provided additional insight into the business operations. Leadership—Carol has subtle leadership experience. She was a high school teacher for several years, and leads by example in her current role with Mason’s. While Carol definitely has capacity in this area, there appears to be an opportunity for her to grow into a stronger leader. A report of disciplinary problems in her classroom when she was teaching and her general willingness to take on any task without challenging the necessity of the task highlight this opportunity. General Knowledge of Business Operations—Carol has worked in Mason’s Appliance Department for the past four years. She has solid knowledge of the operations and given her willingness to take on all tasks assigned has broad experience of the intricacies in the department. Leadership—Don’s leadership experience is largely informal. He was captain of his track team in college and leads by example in the positions that he has held. Don has been working on a master’s degree in marketing which gives him a solid understanding of leadership concepts and principles. Ability to Work with Others—Don is professional and likable. His personality would compliment others in the department and he appears approachable. Don’s resume indicates a

AIDS is a global enormity Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

AIDS is a global enormity - Research Paper Example HIV is a virus that is not able to live exterior to human body, therefore for its transmission no vector comes under need, and it is necessary for humans to have intimate connection with each other. Transfer of human body fluid is the only potential mode for transmission of infection. This means that HIV can come under transmission through sexual intercourse. Through many research conducted by specialist, the fact have been revealed that a critical portion of the female population have contracted HIV infection after a heterosexual contact. If a person has more than one sexual partner, he or she is more likely to enter the risk of HIV infection through the exchange of semen and vaginal fluids. In addition, in the Western world, studies show that both male and female prostitutes are under high risk of suffering from HIV infection as most of them practice unprotected sexual intercourse. The chief cause for contraction of HIV infection is the heterosexual contact throughout the world and the cases are increasing at an unprecedented rate.Another mode of transmission of the AIDS-causing virus is through the usage of intravenous injection that already carries the germs of HIV on it. If the sharing occurs between a HIV positive person and an uninfected person, it can lead to the transfer of the HIV from the infected person to the uninfected one through the contaminated needle. When the same equipment(s) comes under usage for an uninfected person, it may enter into his blood stream through any opening in his skin... In order to prevent the spread of HIV and AIDS it is necessary to take proper measures. It is of high importance to make a barrier between body fluids to curb down the chances of exchange of materials including HIV from them. Male and female condoms are considerable protections that can act as a hurdle between body fluids. Awareness programs and campaigns can work a great deal. People should understand the preventive measures of the spread of this infectious disease. In many countries, people do not discuss about sexual issues openly and consider it unethical. Their mindset can come under alteration through awareness about the nature of the disease. In order to encourage people for using precautions, government of poor nations should provide their citizens with free condoms.Another preventive measure on the part of the medical workers working in the laboratories where blood tests come under performing is that they should cover their bodies properly with lab coats, gloves, goggles, an d masks. This prevents the invasion of HIV into their bodies via any wound. Programs should focus on discouraging the drug users from taking drugs, but as it will take a long time to convince them, meanwhile a scheme should come under offer, which provides the drug users with sterilized needles in exchange of contaminated ones. When a donor donates blood, it should come under high profile testing to check for the presence of HIV so that the recipient can come under protection from getting the infection.Mode of transmission of the AIDS causing virus is through the usage of intravenous injection that already carries the germs of HIV on it. If the sharing occurs between a HIV positive person and an uninfected person, it can lead to the transfer of the HIV from the infected person to the uninfected one.

Describe the mechanisms by which astrocytes control the neutronal Essay

Describe the mechanisms by which astrocytes control the neutronal environment and, using appropriate examples, discuss their importance for neuronal function in health and disease - Essay Example In this article, the role of astrocytes in maintaining the neuronal environment in the brain has been explored with reference to health and disease in human beings. Astrocytes are a type glial cells in the brain and the spinal cord which are star-shaped. They are also known as astrocytic glial cells. They serve many functions, the most important of which are nutrient supply to nervous tissue, biochemical support of endothelial cells which form the blood-brain barrier, maintenance of the balance of the extracellular ions and taking part in the process of repair and regeneration of the central nervous system following various injuries (Magistretti and Ransom, 2008). There re mainly 3 forms of astrocytes. They are fibrous astrocytes, protoplasmic astrocytes and radial astrocytes. Fibrous astrocytes are basically positioned in the white matter. They have few organelles. The cellular processes are 50-60 in number, long and unbranched (Magistretti and Ransom, 2008). When in close proximity, they physically connect the cells to the outerside of the capillary wall. The protoplasmic astrocytes are mainly found in the grey matter of the brain. In contras t to the fibrous cells, they have many organelles and have short, stubby and severely branched cellular processes. These processes are in contact with the blood vessels and also the pial surface. They also surround the neurons. The end-feet of these astrocytes cover the intraparenchymal surface completely and express glucose transporters Glu T type-1 (Magistretti and Ransom, 2008). Thus these cells predominantly function to take-up glucose. Fibrous astrocytes contain more intermediate filaments than protoplasmic astrocytes. The radial glia are mainly found in the vicinity of the ventricles. While some processes abut the piamater, other processes lie deep inside the gray mater. Some examples of radial astrocytes are Bergmann glia cells and Mueller cells of the retina.

Religion & society Essay Example for Free

Religion society Essay Religion is a set of beliefs and practices, often centred upon specific supernatural and moral claims about reality. The functionalist, such as Emile Durkhiem sociological perspective about the role of religion in society is that; Religion is exceptionally important because it has a great influence on everything from government to social order and family relationships. They also believe religion maintains social solidarity and value consensus amongst societys population and this helps maintain the well-being of society. Many feminist sociologist such as Armstrong, argue that religious institutions and beliefs help legitimise gender inequality. Like Marxist, feminist argue that religion is a product of patriarchy rather than capitalism. However, religion can maintain mechanism as it maintains the exiting system of exploitation, and reinforces class relationships and inequalities; Religion also diverts peoples attention away from the real sources of oppression the ruling class, creating a false class conscience. This social control is also achieved because the ruling class adopts traditional religious beliefs and these believes legitimate and justifies, theyre social positions e. g. monarchs, ordained by god in modern society. My aim is to find out how important is religion to people in todays society. This is because religion affects different societies in different ways and different forms, causing the forms of society to change. Religion can be a driving force in society, but as a reactionary rather than a radical way. So I am going to find out how different people from different cultures react to religion under different circumstances.

Explain How Internal And External Business Essay

Explain How Internal And External Business Essay Business is an organization or company that provides goods and services to the community. The general aim of a business is to satisfy the needs and wants of the community whilst also making a profit. In Australia business has a major impact on our everyday lives. Business provides people with employment, it boosts our economy and also it allows us to have a greater quality of life. This means it provides us with the benefits needed to lead a simple and convenient life. There are several factors that can influence a business, these factors include Internal and External influences. Internal influences include factors the business itself may have some control over, whilst on the other hand factors that the business can not control such as laws and regulations are External influences. Importance of business Business is like the blood that flows through our bodies, with out business our lives would be almost impossible. Business plays many different roles in our everyday lives. Most people either own or work for a particular business. Businesses make it possible for the community and even further places such as overseas countries to receive and sell goods and services. A business can be anything that provides goods and services to the community such as corner shops providing customers with goods and sweets and they can also be larger companies such as Nike selling shoes and clothing all over the world. Businesses allow for our economy to grow and become stronger, with out a strong economy a country can not run as smoothly as preferred. One of the main reasons why businesses are so important in our everyday life is due to the fact that businesses provide millions and millions of people with job opportunities. If businesses did not exist people will not be able to work and earn money for e veryday living. There are certain factors that can influence a business. These factors include internal and external influences. Internal influence Internal influences are influences that a business has some control over, such influences include product, location, management, resource management and business culture. 2 Product influences: These influences affect a large majority of the internal structures and operations of a business. Depending on the types of goods and services the business produces will depend on the internal structure. If the goods being produced require certain equipment, these needs must be catered to so that the business may go on with its production. Each type of business has a different set of product influence, for example a service provider will require less preparation, whilst on the other hand a manufacturer will need more services to produce the goods sold. The size of a business can be determined by the different types of goods and services produced and also the availability of technology. So from this we understand that the amount of goods and services produced by a business depends on the size of the business. Poor productivity can be seen in the article Anger at Vodafone Sydney morning herald, this impacts on the business because Vodafone is providing very poor services to their customers, therefore tempting the customers to switch to another network, taking business away from Vodafone. 3 Location influences: One of the most important factors of a business is the location in which that business is positioned in. The location can either make or break the business. Location is especially important for retail and service oriented businesses, as they need to be seen and recognized by customers. The business owner must take into consideration of where he/she chooses to locate their business The business must be in area with a good image, for eg not a poor suburb, they business must be located in a place were customers are consistently walking past and spotting the shop, for eg in the city. Another important thing is that the business must be convenient towards the customers, so that they may take the time and effort to check the place out, if the business is located in a area which is not convenient the customers may loose interest and go somewhere else. 4 Resource influences: -Basically there are 4 main types of resources available to a business, these include: Human resources Information Resources Physical resources Financial resources Human resources may be considered as the most important resource, for they are the employees that allow for the business to run. Information resources are all the actions in which the business takes to research and learn more about their situation for eg sales reports. Physical resources include all the equipment and tools necessary for running the business. Financial resources are basically what the business depends on to buy and help support their business, for example to buy new machines. 5 Management influences: There is no doubt that over time businesses and the way in which businesses are run have dramatically changed. Management has been a part of business that has been changed in an effective way. In the past there were many levels of management and hierarchy in a business that new ideas and issues had to go through, but now due to many factors such as the pressure of competitiveness from globalisation the way in which businesses are run have been altered. These days there are much fewer levels that new ideas and issues have to go through, this will result in quicker and more efficient decisions that in the long run will allow the business to focus on the way it runs. This allows businesses to adapt quicker and more efficiently to the ever changing needs and wants of consumers because there are fewer managers in which the process of decision making must go through. 6 Business culture: In reality every business has its own type of business culture, these are all the values, beliefs and ideas that are agreed upon by all employees and managers of the business. The culture of a business is shown in the way in which the business acts and performs. Business culture is usually shown in the rules and regulations of a business such as the way staff are expected to dress and behave. Culture has been proven to be a necessary tool that must be used by businesses to achieve the best out of its staff members and customers. Business culture is proven to be important in the video Australias food fight: west farmers vs. Woolworths. Coles have changed their business culture by undergoing management change, which has allowed for a different culture to be applied, and this has proven to be successful as they are now basically ahead of Woolworths. 7 Internal influences have an extraordinary impact on business in Australia. They include every thing from were the business is located to how the business is run. The location of a business basically is essential for the success of the business, depending on were it is located, it must be convenient and visible to customers. If it is not located in a convenient area customers may not be able to get to the business and purchase from it. The management of a business is the way in which the business is run, in order to have a successful business it must be under good management and the necessary actions must be taken when they are called for, for eg if employees are needed to be cut off, due to lack of financial sustainability. So basically it is essential for businesses to be affected by internal influences in a positive way. External influences External influences are factors that a business may have little or no control over, such factors include: Economic, financial, geographical, social, legal, political, institutional, technological, competitive situation and markets influences. 8 Economical influences In Australia and the rest of the world, the economy experiences economic cycles. These cycles include booms and busts (recession). Basically during an economic boom the economy experiences higher levels of employment, they may be so confident in their sales that they may increase the price of items to gain higher profits. Also during booms wages of employees tend to increase as more profit is being made by the business. However the economic cycle does have its down side, such as when the economy is experiencing a recession period. An unfortunate reality of recessions is that employment rates decrease due to the fact that the business is not making enough sale profits to keep their employees. Another effect of recession is that business may not be able to raise the price of their products because people are not purchasing so they may have to even lower prices to continue to compete in the market. The influences of economical factors are shown in the article Petrol prices soar and no r elief in site. Due to the poor economical status prices are raised and customers may not be able to purchase petrol at this price. Another ecomical influence can be seen in the radio article impact of floods on grocery prices 2GB, Sydney, this impacts on the business because all the crops are being destroyed making it impossible to make a profit, with farmers not making profits the economy will suffer and be under pressure. 9 Financial influences Financial influences impact a business in several ways. due to deregulation which is basically the extermination of government regulation in an business, Businesses are now able to improve competitiveness with each other. Even better, now due to globalisation, Australia is now able to trade goods overseas, further more improving the financial sustainability of the country. 10 Geographical influences Geographical influences impact businesses in many ways. Australia is located in the Asia-pacific region, the economical statuss in these surrounding countries are very important in the interest of Australia. Basically if china is doing well, it may be able to trade goods and services with Australia creating an advantage for both countries. Another thing is that a lot of Australian companies are located in the Asia-Pacific region, so the countries must be economically doing well for the Australian companies to survive. Also the demography of the country has a significant influence on businesses, for eg Australia must be run to suit people of all different cultures, ages and sexes. One major demographic impact on Australia is the ageing population, with an ageing population there must be centres and facilities created for elders. Also with people retiring, their jobs will need to be completed by younger people, who may not be as experienced as the retired worker. Globalisation is also an important fact of geographical issues, due to globalisation Australia is not tied down just to trade goods and services throughout Australia, but how ever to do so around the entire world. The impact of globalisation can be seen in the video picking up an Aussie apple, we see that Australia is beginning to import overseas apples to Australia. 11 Social influences Social influences have an sever impact on the success of a business. For eg as time goes on peoples taste in fashion and trends will change. If businesses do not adapt to these changes they may be affected in a very negative way. In order for a business to make a profit they must take into consideration all the new fashions and trends going around. One other major social influence is the influence of of our environment which is basically wearing away day by day, businesses must always consider what is in the best interest of the environment, for eg not giving out plastic bags after a sale. One final issue is the issue of family-work practices, as women give birth they must leave work, and this may result in the business losing an employee, affecting in the production of the business. An example of social influences can be seen in the article Petrol price soars and no relief in site, With the rise of petrol, the people in society may decide that instead of using cars, they can probabl y save money by using public transport or riding a bike to work. 12 Legal influences Businesses can not just do as they please. There are many legal actions that influence businesses and basically tell them what they can or cant do. With more and more laws being passed onto businesses, the business must adapt their company to what the law is telling them to do. Generally the people of a society expect that businesses may run under the rules and guidelines provided by the law. Businesses must be aware of all the laws so that they may not breach them and pay the penalties. 13 Political influences Even though political influences may not be the most affective factors onto a business, they still have a pretty heavy impact. For eg whenever a new election Is held, the new government may introduce new policies. A policy that was introduced in 2000 was the goods and services tax, this was a 10 percent tax on the supply of most goods and services used in Australia, this affected businesses in a way that they had to collect taxes basically on behalf of the government. However deregulation has also been introduced in the picture in the past few decades, this is the removal of government regulation in industry, and this takes pressure off businesses and allows for a greater range of competitiveness. 14 Institutional influences Three institutional influences on business are government, regulatory bodies and trade unions and employer associations. Government: Three levels which are federal, state and local. Federal government deals mainly with issues such as tax, making sure that the taxes are being paid and also things such as how the businesses are running in according to the customs regulations. State governments deal with lower case issues such as workers rights and responsibilities such as OHS requirements and making sure businesses are abiding by the state laws and trade practices Local government deals with issues such the condition of building and making sure of improvements, parking rules and fire regulations Regulatory bodies; These bodies observe and understand the way that businesses deal with certain issues and how the business treats its community and consumers. Examples of regulatory bodies include: the Office of fair trading and the Australian competition and consumer commission. (ACCC) Other institutional influences are Trade unions and Australian stock exchanges, these groups have aims such as improving working conditions and pay rates. 15 Technological influences Technology without a doubt has had probably one of the most affects on businesses. With new technologies being invented and discovered every day this can only help improve productivity and efficiency for businesses. Technology has allowed for robotic machinery to be used in productivity which in the long run cheapens the cost of productivity as no employee or has to be paid. Robots also help to reduce the amount of boring and repetitive jobs that some humans may have to do. Also communication technology has been improving rapidly over the past few years making it even easier to communicate with suppliers and consumers, with out them actually being there. Businesses must strive to use the available technology to the best of their ability so that they may keep up or even be ahead of competitors. 16 Competitive situation influences These influences may be very helpful and useful to both consumers and producers, for eg when two businesses are competing to be the market leader, they will lower costs of their stock to attract customers. As a result they will be making more sales and more importantly a profit. These competitive situations also benefit consumers because with competition in a market there will be a greater range of goods available for consumption, this allows the consumer to get a wider variety of choice when considering the good or service they want. Competitive situations are shown in the video Australias food fight: west farmers VS Woolworths as these companies are competing with each other to get the most customer satisfaction, It also discuss how the affects of globalisation such as Aldi here in Australia also competing amongst the big guns. Another example of competitive situation is shown in the article Anger at Vodafone, with Vodafone giving such poor services, customers will want to change to another network providing greater coverage. 17 External influences have a major impact on our every day lives in Australia, with all the different types of factors such as social and technological influences our lives are affected on a day to day basis. If external influences did not exist we would not be living in a society were goods and services from all around the world are accessible to us for our own usage. External influences can be both positive and /or negative for example, competitiveness in the market allows for a variety of options for consumers to choose from but contrasting the effects of external factors such as geographical issues involving the weather can have a negative affect, for eg flooding in farms or drought seasons. Conclusion As mentioned in the executive summary above, business can be compared to the blood in a living organism, it is essential for our everyday survival and living. Business allows us to live the pleasures and entertaining lives that we live each day. Internal influences summed up can be recognized as influences that a business can control whilst external influences are those factors that the business can not control. Internal influences for eg can be explained as factors that a business can use and apply to help determine the success of their business, such as the location in which they choose to place their business. External can be explained by using the example of a economic recession, this can affect the business in many negative ways such as letting employers go. So summed up we can say that business is essential for everyday living and it can be broken down into two different types, Internal and external, and it can be concluded that they basically determine how the business is run and how successful it will be. The end  Ã…’

School Uniforms Essay -- Education

Schools should have uniforms for students so they can be distinguished between grade levels and to have all students dress the same way and offer some protection. Students might be against it because they want to wear regular clothes to impress other students. School uniform should be allowed in private as well in public schools because it will help faculty distinguish students, people and prevent inappropriate dressing. â€Å"Having a uniform helps students and parents resist peer pressure. In schools with no uniform, children may feel the need to dress in certain ways in order to fit in. This can often mean buying a lot of expensive and fashionable clothes that families cannot really afford. It can also mean girls being pressured into wearing skimpy clothes to try and look sexy at a very young age. It could even include Muslim girls feeling that they must wear a headscarf even though they don’t want to† (Debate, 2011). Parents of the student won’t have to purchase expensive cloth wear for their kids. Uniform will help them save money by purchasing the same uniform for all kids. â€Å"School Uniform will save parents money. The Upfront cost of uniform would be much less than a new wardrobe of the new â€Å"coolest† styles† (Kelly, 2012). This will let parents spend less money on expensive cloth that students are not even going to take care of them. They dress just to feel richer than other students, but in reality they try present themselves as if they had a lot of money. Uniforms will be the same shirt, color and same tie if their permitted by the school. It will also help them if they are going to buy the same shoes for all the kid because they might find them on clearance or on half price. School clothing can be purchased even in the same... ...understand their parents when it comes to spending money to buy their own cloth. Students might be against it but it’s not they’re call anymore and they have to wear what the board members had strictly gave them in order to succeed in their school days. References Brooks, M. (n.d.). Pros and cons. Retrieved from http://www.proconlists.com/list/education/school-uniforms/35 Debate, J. (2011, May 29). Debate pedia. Retrieved from http://debatepedia.idebate.org/en/index.php/Debate:School_Uniform_(JUNIOR) Kelly , M. (2012, n.d.). School uniforms. Retrieved from http://712educators.about.com/cs/schoolviolence/a/uniforms.htm Wilde , M. (2012, n.d. n.d.). Do uniforms make school better?. Retrieved from http://www.greatschools.org/find-a-school/defining-your-ideal/121-school-uniforms.gs?page=3 (Brooks, n.d.) (Debate, 2011) (Kelly , 2012) (Wilde , 2012)

An Evaluation of the Work of Jan Svankmajer :: essays research papers

An Evaluation of the Work of Jan Svankmajer Jan Svankmajer is an animator like no other that I know of. Surrealist in style, his artistic work encompasses a broad range of mediums- film, sculpture, painting, graphic design, prose and poetry. His filmic work often involves a combination of animation, puppetry and live action- a challenging style for any filmmaker to use effectively. Svankmajer films are by trademark dark and macabre tales, told not for the sake of aesthetic or technique, but always to serve a very personal purpose, which I will talk about shortly. In this essay, I will deal mainly with the work that Svankmajer created as an animator. To put it in context, however, I will first give a rough overview of his background and the work for which he is best known. Svankmajer was born in Czechoslovakia in 1934. His parents were both artistically inclined; his father was a window dresser while his mother was a dressmaker. After studying puppet theatre for four years in Prague, Svankmajer began his career as a director, designer and puppeteer at the State Puppet Theatre in Liberec. During the Early 1960s he collaborated with several different theatre companies in Prague to stage a variety of plays. In 1964 his interests turned to filmmaking. In this medium he felt that more would be possible technically, and that his work would reach a wider audience. After creating various award-winning short films like The Last Trick, his work underwent a decisive transition from Mannerism to Surrealism in 1968. As a surrealist Svankmajer would create many highly acclaimed films involving animation and live action. Svankmajer’s work became surrounded by political controversy with the making of the film Antonio’s Diary (1972). The film was not intended to have political meaning, but the Czech authorities banned him from making films for seven years simply because it contained unauthorised footage depicting everyday Czech life. Dimensions of Dialogue (1982) became his best-known short, and won several international awards. Like Antonio’s Diary, however, it was banned in Czechoslovakia, and was also shown to the ideology commission of the Central Committee of the Czechoslovak Communist Party as an example of the kind of film that should not be made. Alice (1985-87), based on the book by Lewis Carol, was Svankmajer’s first feature film, and his first to reach an American audience. Since then he has made two more feature-length films: Faust (1993) and Conspirators of Pleasure (1996).

Vital And Dynamic Characters In A Tale Of Two Cities :: essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Vital and Dynamic Characters in A Tale of Two Cities A dynamic character is one who changes greatly during the course of a novel. There are many fine examples of dynamic characters in all Dickens novels. Three of these characters are Dr. Alexandre Manette, Jerry Cruncher and Sydney Carton. Dynamic characters play a very apparent role in the novel A Tale of Two Cities by Charles Dickens.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Dr. Manette starts his life as a young successful man but then is traumatized by imprisonment and again becomes successful with the comfort of, his daughter, Lucie. Lorry rescues Dr. Manette from his prison in St. Antoine and essentially brings him back to life. At first Alexandre seems unstable and much older than his years, but as Lucie nurses him back to life he transforms into the vibrant man missing throughout hers. Doctor Manette has no recollection of his successful past: â€Å"Doctor Manette, formerly of Beauvais . . . the young physician, originally an expert surgeon, who within the last year or two has made a rising reputation in Paris† (298). After his unnecessary imprisonment he is very weak and frail: â€Å"[h]e had put up a hand between his eyes and the light, and the very bones of it seemed transparent† (36). He is found in a dark garret hunched over a cobbler’s bench making shoes to pass time. At first Lucie is apprehensive abo ut approaching her father, but as she observes his actions she is overcome with joy; she has now found her father whom she thought was dead for seventeen years. As he spends more time with Lucie and Miss Pross he gradually gains more and more strength and is beginning to reach his capacities in life. â€Å"This new life of the Doctor’s [is] an anxious life, no doubt; still the sagacious Mr. Lorry [sees] that there was a new sustaining pride in it† (253). The changes in Dr. Manette are not all by his own doing. He started life prosperous and fortunate, and after an ill-fated imprisonment it takes him a long while to accomplish the ability to endure life again.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  As the novel begins, one obtains the idea that Mr. Jerry Cruncher is an evil man, but during the course of the book evident differences are found in both his personality and his actions. One night when he comes home â€Å"he devote[s] himself during the remainder of the evening to keeping a most vigilant watch on Mrs.

A Conflict Case Study Analysis and Proposal

A destructive conflict was created by the parties involved in the case study 2 section 2 (Erbe, 2003) when they failed to recognize the sole purpose of a spiritual community. The spiritual community's sole purpose was to unite the members by leading them through a common belief and offering them any support they may require.The spiritual leader was charged with the responsibility of ensuring that the goals of the community were achieved. Instead of her using the powers bestowed to her to perform her role and the duties expected of her, she started to abuse these powers and instead of uniting the staff members and drawing them close to her, she scared them off. She started using her power to abuse and intimidate the subordinate staff in her office.This continued for such a long time that it became a ritual. It was in fact perceived that the spiritual leader's intention was to hurt those individuals she thought did not belong to her circle.The issue of a fired staff came at the time th e spiritual leader was also serving as the leader of the community. The spiritual leader's apparent abuse of power is said to have caused the occurrence of the incident.We can not conclusively say that the complaining group's accusations made against the leader are accurate as no face to face interview with the spiritual leader to get her side of the story and comment had yet been conducted. This implies that facts about the true motive behind the sacking of the staff member and whether bullying really is going on are still unknown.Besides, the complaining parties might be exaggerating in describing their accusations against the spiritual leader as there always is possibility of cognitive and perceptual distortions occurring where such issues are concerned. This calls for further investigation into the matter as it is necessary to establish the truth and also find out if the perceptual and distortion theories are present in the issue.It is important to note that the organization com prised of only women. However, the culture of the organization is more masculine than feminine. This is based on the on the way the leader executed her leadership responsibilities. Her expectations of the staff members were more rigid than what is normally expected of feminine organizations (Erbe, 2003).The leader created power and status, had matched experience to commanded attention and built ideas competitively which is characteristic of masculine organizations (Erbe. 2003). These leadership traits hence made the spiritual leader masculine as she did not exert the female leadership skills that are usually more dynamic.This caused her to conflict with the rest of the staff members as her version of leadership was not favourable with them (Erbe, 2003). Â   These differences in the way the leadership was handled caused the first phase of conflict which proceeded with time as in the escalating destructive conflict model created by Erbe.The conflict proceeded as members of the staff who were not in the leader's circle got scared of opposing her abuse and bullying. This resulted to repeated abuse by the leader as no one was able to stand up to her. This eventually triggered accumulation of ill feelings against the leader amongst the staff members.This was even made worse by the fact that the spiritual leader was not meeting the staff member's root expectation of her. Usually people expect spiritual leaders to be kind, fair, just and humane, this was however not so with this leader.The complaining group was later empowered when a law graduate entered the conflict and joined their side. She made them aware of heir legal rights which they did not know before. She explained to them that they could file a suite against the spiritual leader for abusing them.This was an empowerment to the complaining party as they got to know that there was a venue for them to air their grievances and concerns with the hope of getting help. More abuse from the leader were reported, for example there is an instance where she is said to have verbally abused a secretary who later went to seek counselling as she had been deeply hurt by the abuse.The peak of the conflict was experienced when one of the staff members was found with a gun. Violence which is known to be the ultimate manifestation of a conflict usually triggers destructive and undesired dynamics (Erbe, 2003).

Concepts of Business Education Essay

Presentations: The nurses will be shown presentations by experienced nurses and doctors. 5. Quiz: There will be quizzes held for the nurses on the things taught. 6. Evaluation: The nurses will be evaluated according to their performance. 7. Demonstrations: The nurses will be given demonstrations by the experienced nurses on care giving. 8. Implementation: The nurses will have to demonstrate whatever they have learnt under the supervision of the department head. 9. Post evaluation: Depending on the performance of the nurses, they will be posted in the required departments. The most basic problem of philosophy of education is that concerning aims: what are the proper aims and guiding ideals of education? What are the proper criteria for evaluating educational efforts, institutions, practices, and products? Some of the AIMS proposed or involved in the educational endeavor are †¢cultivation of curiosity and the disposition to inquire fostering of creativity †¢production of knowledge and of knowledgeable students †¢enhancement of understanding †¢promotion of moral thinking †¢feeling and action †¢enlargement of the imagination fostering of growth, development, and self-realization Based on the AIMS concept we are building an online learning system for our employees: Ideally, the learning outcomes in order of priority are ?Translated into course content, resources and an approach to the teaching and learning process that will enable a student to achieve those outcomes. ?Once these basic parameters have been thought through, the courseware development team will share the responsibility of translating the theory and intentions into courseware and online learning functions. These courses will then be delivered by the learning management system (LMS) ? LMS will interface with the library and other digital resources & related services along with the student information system (SIS) ? This activity will be done through a secure server that can authenticate the student login. From the students’ point of view, they will connect to the LMS and the related services through a user-friendly users’ portal, with a single login, they can have access to their courses and can be linked to all related resources and services. Finally, to ensure ongoing improvement, an evaluation process for the effectiveness of the system, based on achievement of the learning outcomes and students’ feedback will be put in place, in the form of an independent quality assessment process, which also provides feeds back into the development cycle. Through the above steps the organization plans to provide quality education by making them online, the courses would cover organizational development programs like oTime Management oLeadership Skills Training oConflict Management Workforce Development Relating LMS ; Courses to AIMS as per John Dewey †¢AIMS always relate to results, the first and most important thing is whether the work assigned possesses intrinsic continuity †¢AIMS implies an orderly and ordered activity, one in which the order consists in the progressive completion of a process †¢AIMS means foresight in advance of the end or possible termination †¢AIMS as a foreseen end gives direction to the activity; it’s not an idle view for the spectator but influences steps taken to reach the end. How each prior event leads into its successor while the successor takes up what is furnished and utilizes it for some other stage, until we arrive at the end, which summarizes and finishes the process? †¢Foresight functions in 3 ways ?Involves careful observation of given conditions and means available to reach the end. ?Suggest the proper order or sequence in the use of means, facilitating economical selection and arrangement. ?Makes choice of alternatives possible

Methodology

The study delves on integrating authentic video into the EFL Curriculum. In that case the researcher specifically aims to exemplify the use of authentic videos to contribute to the proliferation of knowledge. Gagne, says that â€Å"many professional think of instructional technology as a systematic way of designing, carrying out and evaluating the total process of learning and teaching† (p 12).   Furthermore, the study also converse on how elementary school teachers implement changes in the business of teaching. Carless (2003) said that â€Å"teachers are frequently required to implement pedagogic innovations† (p 2). To provide a picture as regards to planning and implementation of a task-based academic improvement is a very interesting part of the study. Accordingly, this research paper was geared to uplift the interest of the students to further concentrate on their studies with the use of visual presentations. To be able to motivate the students to learn is indeed a serious matter that is why, it is very essential to exhaust a lot of effort for them to be able to go beyond what is expected and be creative. Making available different tools such as videos, it was expected that the elementary students should learn more having this aid. By helping them realize their creativeness, it is important for them to depict what they saw in the videos.   In accordance with this, it is also important for the students to comprehend and interpret at the same time what they actually see. As the students process the films or the television shows effectively, they should practice dealing with the language and through which also help them to gain knowledge. Students are able to go together with their weaker skill with the visual support in text-format, thus, subtitles are also beneficial to go hand in hand with the video being played. With the help of such the students can easily grasp what they are watching and at the same time they can also make use of the words in their everyday life – real life. To be able to carry out this study, it is very beneficial to answer important queries concerning this subject matter and have a clear grasp on what is really trying to imply in this study. Given the fact that it is significant to take note the value of using authentic video in EFL curriculum, we – the writer and the reader should know what an authentic video is and what limitations therein. How can we use authentic video material? Basically, does the use of such, applicable with EFL curriculum? Does it contribute to oral production of the students? Would it be easier for the elementary teachers upon integrating authentic materials, to exemplify their sets of curriculum?   Specifically, at what level it is very much applicable to adopt this system of teaching? Criteria in choosing an authentic material should be taken into consideration. Stempleski (1987) states that â€Å"each type of authentic video has both advantages and disadvantages when used as language learning material and it is helpful to review general features to look for when selecting authentic material† (p 7). It is excellent to take into account the language, the content, the subtitles, the production, etc. of a certain video if it does execute a good impact on the viewers and how will it be able to help students and also the teachers to meet as regards to the proficiency of the medium; on how it will contribute to oral production. How can these materials motivate the students? What probable chances do we have that the elementary students will increase their eagerness in dealing and exploring the medium? How will it also affect the teacher’s lessons? These are the essential issues we have to tackle as we go along with the research paper. As we answer every question, it will make us realize where we situate the integration of authentic materials – especially authentic videos. It is imperative to have a broad understanding as regards to these matters to be able strengthen the stability of the student’s learning process. The paper focuses also on the role of the teachers who will be responsible in delivering different techniques in teaching and on how they will be able to inculcate in the minds of their students the importance of having different avenues to master their subject matter – increase their oral production. On the other hand, the students likewise were expected to take into account the possible chances of upgrading their system as they make use of these so called â€Å"innovations in their system of learning†. In addition to this, the professors and the students was expected to appreciate new ideas that will help to augment the performance of the students. The researcher took effort in getting the attention of the students and the elementary teachers as regards to incorporate authentic video into EFL curriculum. It is necessary to have some insights as to what extent the teachers should integrate authentic materials. This is practically the focal point of the research paper and the concentration are mainly focused on how the students and the teachers will find the middle ground in order to uplift and make use of new technique – and that is integrating authentic video. Classroom observations were considered as a basic tool in making this study possible. After gathering different ideas as regards to the integration of authentic videos in EFL curriculum, some thoughts provide a clearer grasp enough to elaborate the importance of the study. In addition to this, many dissertations were also found and used in collating thoughts on related topic. Furthermore, the gathered information / materials were consolidated and come up with a straightforward analysis on the effects to 5th grade multi-leveled students on oral production as they integrate authentic videos into EFL curriculum. Accordingly, having the resources available at hand, it is expected to have a more articulate output on how were authentic materials contribute mainly to the exceptional growth of the students and the professors as well. It is true that there were lots of resources regarding this matter, but most important of all, it is still in the hands of the receiver on how they will accept modernism – and we’re talking about increase in oral production with the help of authentic materials – authentic video. The proliferation of this paper could help everyone to carry out different changes in their system, and in the case of the four walls of a classroom, additional teaching aid is necessary to truly enhance the capabilities of every students and not just limiting techniques in traditional system.

Bulgaria Economy Essay

Alongside the north coast of Black Sea, the Bulgarian state was first founded in 635 A. D with the Slav and Bulgar peoples. Between the year 893 and 927 the first Bulgarian Kingdom was established which is known as the â€Å"Golden Age† in the history of Bulgaria. In the early 20th century social and political disorders blemished Bulgaria and forced the country to participate in the First Balkan War in 1912 and then in the Second Balkan War in 1913. Bulgaria also took a part in the World Wars first by associated with the Central Powers and then with the Axis Powers. In the beginning of the Second World War, the country united with the Germany, but towards the end of the war it changed its position for fighting with the German troops that resulted in the killing of 30,000 Bulgarian soldiers. Communism came forward and materialized dominantly in the political environment of the country in 1944 when the Soviet soldiers entered into the territory of Bulgaria and the Axis power crushed in the Second World War. Gradually the country turned as the protectorate of the Soviet Union during the era of Cold War. With dethrone of Todor Zhivkov, thethen head of the Communist Party of Bulgaria, democratic change took place in the country. In 1991 the first egalitarian parliamentary elections occurred in Bulgaria. In 1992 the country experienced its first ever direct presidential elections. Bulgaria, which comes out through the agonizing struggle and trouble of communism, faced various social disorder and economic turmoil that ultimately ended with the huge economic and financial crisis in the period of the late 1996 and the early 1997. However, the economy of Bulgaria came back to the stabilizing path with a series of reforming initiatives taken by Ivan Kostov, the former prime minister of the country. (Background Note: Bulgaria, November 27, 2009). Overtime, Bulgaria has gradually emerged as a market-driven economy from an old command economy. In 1996, the country experienced major economic crises in the form of banking system disorder, depreciation of currency, reduction of production as well as foreign trade. Dwindling foreign exchange reserves and significant increase in rates of interest further aggravated both the burden of domestic debt and growth of the country. Within a period of one year gross domestic product dropped by almost 11% in 1996 while it experienced a 2% increase in 1995. In the late 1996 privatization model was accepted, but the privatization of the public sector industries declined. During this period the IMF disbursed almost $580 loan to Bulgaria. But the country failed to augment its structural reform process. This lack of progress of Bulgaria insisted the IMF to postpone the loan sanctioned to the country. For avoiding needless spending and huge inflationary pressure, the IMF proposed to form a currency board to renovate the confidence of the country. In this case Mr. Ivan Kostov (UDF), the former Prime Minister of Bulgaria, who got the crown in 1997, played the leading role to launch the ambitious reform programs. With such initiatives the currency board was set up on July 1, 1997 to bring back the stability and growth in the economy of Bulgaria. The outcome of the formation of the currency board was seen by the fall in inflation rate. While the rate of inflation was a three digit number in 1997, it was slashed to 1% in 1998. A decrease in the inflation rate, a decrease in interest rate and an increase in the foreign investment were followed by the formation of the currency board. The government of Bulgaria also assured to sell off some of the assets of the country. Though the country faced a 7. 4% drop in its GDP in 1997, it expected the GDP to bounce back in 1998 to an estimated level of 2%. The government of Bulgaria also took some other initiatives like achieving the success of land reform policy, the process of privatization and the reform of the banking system, etc. as its other prime objectives. The government of Bulgaria has taken the steps to provide a strong and sustainable growth in the GDP of the country by learning the lessons from the fall of GDP in the years 1996 and 1997. For reducing the level of unemployment and sustaining the growth of production of the economy, Bulgaria has taken all the required steps from time to time. The governments have taken the necessary measurements to reduce the level of both the individual and the corporate taxes, curb the corruption and draw the flow of foreign investment into the country. The government of Bulgaria has also taken the steps to restructure the foreign debt policy of the country, restore and stimulate the stock market and aggravate the process of privatization of the some of the major state monopolies. All such steps of the country have led the European Commission to declare that Bulgaria is â€Å"Functioning Market Economy† in October 2002 as its main economic policy. (Background Note: Bulgaria, November 27, 2009). All the successive governments have maintained such reform and ultimately Bulgaria has taken the membership of the European Union in 2007. A World Bank report suggests that Bulgaria has been able to draw the maximum levels of flow of foreign direct investment among all the nations of Eastern Europe as a percentage of GDP in 2006. The government of Bulgaria has brought down the rate of corporate tax to 10% in 2007 to magnetize the additional flow of foreign capital in the country. Such a corporate tax rate has been reported as the lowest rate in the whole Europe. The cost of domestic labor has also dropped through the legislation of the flat personal income tax level of 10% in January 1, 2008. To enhance the stability in local economic functioning, the Bulgarian parliament has taken the policy of fiscal decentralization for the municipalities so as to provide them the power of collection and supervision of some taxes. Such a step was taken by responding the increasing demand for independence of financial procedures of the local governments of the country. The achievement of the country towards the restructure of its fiscal policies and tax reforms, however, somewhat wiped out by the recent global financial crisis and economic turmoil that started from the middle of 2007. Such a worldwide global dwindling phase has forced the Bulgarian economy to be trapped by the vicious circle of recession at the end of 2008 after experiencing a prolonged 10 years steady growth. The effect has been seen in the mounting household debt and the increased rate of unemployment in the country. In this situation the government has responded by taking an â€Å"anti-crisis† strategy for strengthening fiscal recovery and promoting economic stability. To increase the power over the funds of the European Union, the government has also given its commitment. Such governmental steps are also expected to fight the crime and the corruption in the Bulgarian economy in an organized way. (Economy in Bulgaria, n. d. ). Let us look at some of the basic statistics which are very helpful to assess the present economic structure of the Bulgarian Economy and its overall development. It is a known fact in the history of mankind that the identification of the goals of economic development has not been properly done by human. (Todaro and Stephen, 2009, p 16) The Bulgarian economy has been designated as an economy with an upper and middle income nation by the World Bank. Though in the recent past the country has exhibited a steady trend in its growth, it is one of the least developed nations of Europe. The economy of Bulgaria heavily dependent on the industrial sector, but in recent past the service sector has also contributed to the growth of the country’s GDP. Petroleum, copper, gold, coal, beverages and tobacco, fruits, electronic tools and items, vehicle machineries, nuclear fuel, iron, construction items, sunflowers, wine, barley, etc. , are some of the major products of the country. From 1996 to 2008, over a period of 12 years, the country has able to maintain a growth of 6% and more. The huge inflow of foreign direct investment in the country has helped it to maintain such a significant rate of growth. However, the latest global recession has adversely affected the country on its export sector as well as on its capital inflow. This in turn has affected the growth of the country. The GDP of the country has fall to 5% in 2009. In terms of purchasing power parity, the GDP of Bulgaria has dropped to $90. 54 billion in 2009 from the level of $95. 1 billion of 2008. In terms of absorption of the work force of the country, the agriculture sector contributes 7. 5%, whereas industry contributes 27. 6% and service sector contributes 64. 9%. According to the estimation of 2009, the total work force of the country is 2. 63 million. The share of unemployed population in 2009 stands almost 9. 1% in the total working population. The corrupted system of public administration, feeble judiciary system and the increasing criminal activities has led almost 14. 1% of the population of Bulgaria to live their lives below the poverty line and under a greater hardship. (Bulgaria Economy, n. d. ). The estimated per capita GDP of the country has dropped to $12,600 in 2009 from the level of $13,100 in 2008. The estimated percentage of GDP of the country in agriculture, industry and services sector are 7. 5%, 27. 6% and 64. 9% successively. The estimated level of unemployment of Bulgaria has risen to 9. 1% in 2009 in comparison with 6. 3% in the previous year 2008. Total estimated gross investment in 2009 of the country is 28. 6% of GDP. The estimated amount of public debt has risen to 21. 4% of GDP in 2009 from the level of 14. 1% in 2008. The growth rate of industrial production in 2009 has been estimated as negative and stands at -14% of GDP. The estimated foreign exchange reserve and gold has also dropped to $16. 49 billion on December 31, 2009 from the level of $17. 93 billion on December 31, 2008. In response to the unfavorable effect of the global financial turmoil on the economy of Bulgaria, the government has taken many steps to strengthen the economy. Such governmental initiatives are supported by various statistics. The estimated public debt of Bulgaria has dropped to 21. 4% of GDP in 2009 as compared to the 14. 1% of the year ago. Estimated rate of inflation in terms of consumer prices has also decreased to 2. 7% in 2009 from that of 12. 3% in 2008. The prime lending rate of the central bank of Bulgaria has been increased to 10. 86% in December 31, 2008 from that of 10% in December 31, 2007. The stock of domestic credit has increased to $32. 04 billion in December 31 which was $17. 03 billion in December 31, 2007. (Bulgaria Economy 2010, February 8, 2010). According to the latest available data as published by Nation Master, the external debt of Bulgaria has increased to $3488 million which is a very high amount. In terms of Gini index, which is the measure of degree of inequality in the distribution of family income, the country has been ranked as 103rd out of 133 nations in case of its equal distribution of family income. (Economy, 2010). For analyzing the socio-economic structure and development issues of Bulgaria we should study the basic education system, healthcare system, urbanization process and migration and the strategies of the country to develop the economy in the presence of corruption. The minority communities of Bulgaria are protected by many international instruments according to the 1991 new Bulgarian constitution. Such a constitutional structure has established the superiority of the international law over the national law of Bulgaria. Such international norms and regulations have made the basic principles of the legislation of the country through which the government of Bulgaria is able to control and adjust the common rights of its citizens who vary across the languages of their respective communities, religions and cultures. However, there are many problems in the country associated with the minorities. Such problems are not only related with the cultural or religious variations but also basically with the economic and social values of the citizens. (Karasimeonov, n. d. ). The government of Bulgaria is very concerned to respect its citizen’s human right. In past, there were, however, some problems in many areas. The citizens who were the member of minority population of the country were suspected by the law enactment officials. The prisoners were also mistreated and misbehaved. The degree of arbitrary arrest, police violence and exploitation were very common in the country. The prevalence of corruption and other problems associated with the system led the judicial structure of the nation to suffer greatly. The press was also restricted to freely expose the views. In Bulgaria there were also many barriers on some of the religious groups of the nation. They were strictly deterred to present their cultural and religious outlooks. Communal harassment was very common in the country. Social discrimination between the men and women was very high and the violence against the women was vastly prevalent in the society. The increasing problem of child labor in the country have also setback the economy of Bulgaria. Throughout the ruling of all the political organizations in Bulgaria, corruption and crime has remained the basic concerning factors of all the governments. To fight against the corruption and to increase the awareness of its citizens, the government of Bulgaria has formed the inter-ministerial anticorruption commission in 2002. To combat against corruption though the Bulgarian government has taken various methods, the European Union, however, has argued that the country is still facing many problems associated with the presence of corruption in the economy. The Union has recommended for the requirement of rehabilitated efforts to tackle such advanced and sophisticated corruption. (Corruption and Anti-corruption Policy in Bulgaria, 2002, pp 102-104; Bulgaria, February 28, 2005). The education system of Bulgaria is basically national in nature, but also affected significantly by foreign controls. In the 19th century the educational system of the country was highly motivated and influenced by the impact of Soviet Russia. The influence of Western Europe and the American educational culture are also significant on the overall educational environment of Bulgaria. However, to bring the country’s educational system in the line of Western European process of education the educational system of Bulgaria has been reformed. With such initiative to reform the educational system of the economy, Bulgaria has supported the agreement with the European Union. (Bulgaria- Educational System- overview, 2010). Development is the concept of freedom of human. The Human development index consists of the status of health, education and the income (Todaro and Stephen, 2009, p 19-21). The Human Development Index of Bulgaria is . 808 which has given it the rank of 55 among the 178 nations. (Economy 2010). In the early 20th century the proportion of residents who lived in the cities with their counterparts who lived in the villages were merely 20 percent. In 1945 the proportion has increased to almost 24 percent and at the end of 1990 it has been seen that more than 6 million people resided in the cities while less than 3 million population of Bulgaria resided in the villages. Such a change in demographic movement is well enough to argue that Bulgaria has experienced the pace of urbanization with the passage of time. Since almost 66% of Bulgarian migrants has relocated in the same states of the country, so there has not been seen any sharp decline in the regional population ratio. The demographers, however, are very concerned over the decline of the population of the villages. They are very concerned over the skewed distribution of population towards the cities. The 1990 democratization activities have raised many debates over the issue of agricultural privatization program of the government. (Curtis,1992). References: 1) Todaro, P, M and S, C, Stephen (2009), â€Å"Economic Development†, Pearson Education Limited, 10th Edition, England. 2) â€Å"Background Note: Bulgaria† (November 27, 2009), Bureau of European and Eurasian Affairs, U. S. Department of State. Available at: http://www. state. gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/3236. htm Access On: May 18, 2010 3) â€Å"Economy in Bulgaria† (n. d. ), World66 Available at: http://www. world66. com/europe/bulgaria/economy Access On: May 18, 2010 4) â€Å"Bulgaria Economy† (n. d. ), EconomyWatch Available at: http://www. economywatch. com/world_economy/bulgaria/ Access On: May 19, 2010 5) â€Å"Economy† (2010), Bulgaria, Europe, NationMaster. com Available at: http://www. nationmaster. com/country/bu-bulgaria/eco-economy Access On: May 19, 2010 6) â€Å"Bulgaria Economy 2010† (February 8, 2010), Countries of the World. Available at: http://www. theodora. com/wfbcurrent/bulgaria/bulgaria_economy. html Access On: May 19, 2010 7) Karasimeonov, G, (n. d. ), â€Å" The constitutional Rights of Minorities in Bulgaria† Available at: http://www. cecl. gr/RigasNetwork/databank/REPORTS/r9/BU_9_Konstantinov. html Access On: May 20, 2010 8) â€Å"Corruption and Anti-corruption Policy in Bulgaria† (2002), Open Society Institute Available at: http://info. worldbank. org/etools/antic/docs/Resources/Country%20Profiles/Bulgaria/OpenSocietyInstitute_CorruptionBulgaria. pdf Access On: May 20, 2010 9) â€Å"Bulgaria† (February 28, 2005), Bureau of Democr

Research proposal Annotated Bibliography Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Research proposal - Annotated Bibliography Example Apple Inc has been able to capture this market through establishing a department whose role is to market the products through the social media. This source explains the benefits of social media marketing. According to this source, the customers are turning towards companies that are innovative and integrate their ideas in the production process. Besides marketing, social media provides a platform for the company to interact with the customers. According to this source, marketing of the high technological products has changed over times. Due to the dynamic nature of the devices, it has become important to identify a cheaper marketing strategy. This source is important in identifying the impact that social media has been having on the company sales. The tastes and preferences of the current market keep on changing. Different companies are setting up huge amounts of money to conduct research on different aspects that affect the consumption behavior of the market. This source will be significant in identifying other ways that social media can be used to enhance the performance of the company. Social media has improved the performance of the business by making it easy to contact the customers. This source will be significant in identifying how social social media has improved the communication process. Many of the people have focused on leadership of Apple Inc as being the key to success of the company. However, social media has been instrumental in boosting the performance of the business. In addition, it has enabled the company to reach customers who are located in different parts of the

Applied Business Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Applied Business Ethics - Essay Example In marketing, ethics are extremely vital as they affect the performance of an organization (Cohen, 2007). Ethics is the principles one uses to make an outright decision. Marketing sections face their own set of ethical dilemma-related problems concerning pricing, product development, distribution and advertisements. Many organizations may be faced by a dilemma in choosing the advertisement approach to take (Harding, 2010). This is evident on whether to adopt sexual and emotional appeal advertisements as part of the marketing strategy. Justification The use of sexually appealing advertisements has been on the rise in the recent past years. It is becoming more blatant as marketers are trying to find ways to overcome the media clutters. These adverts are integrated with persuasive sexual information (Liu, Li & Cheng, 2006). Such techniques are intentionally controversial in order to grab the attention of an individual, thus, creating the product awareness. Although this approach of adve rtising is popular, it faces criticism due to the ethical dilemmas surrounding it. Emotional appeal, on the other hand, is based on three ideas. The consumer does not pay much attention to the advertisement. Secondly, consumers do not notice rational appeals unless they are looking for the product being advertised. Last and most prominent, use of emotional adverts, attempts to capture the attention of the viewer and link the consumer to the product being advertised. The use of sex and emotional appealing adverts have led to the growth of many businesses because of the homogenous belief that consumer needs, and interest are alike (Chan et al., 2007). However, organizations are faced by ethical challenges when adopting them. Therefore, an organization should critically decide the marketing approach to adopt. The cultural image of the organization is mainly founded by products and services they offer. Adverts integrated with sex appealing images are at times seen to be pornographic. Th is often leads to the notion that the organization promotes it, which adversely affects the image of the organization. The use of the female sexual icons in the adverts may also lead to distortion of many norms and beliefs, especially the young and innocent people who cannot distinguish the appropriate content of the advert (Foley, 1999). This often derails the values of the community at large. The use of emotional appeal contexts has been criticised ethically. It has been argued that businesses utilizing emotional appeal tend to exploit the viewers’ emotions. Businesses may be marketing a flawed product or a product which can bring harm to the society, but due to the emotional attachments the viewer has developed, one may end up buying it. It may also persuade one to buy what might not be needed. Ethical decisions making The ethical decision making process of solving this dilemma should be based on the two approaches; teleology and deontology. The deontological methodology i s concerned with the notions of universal truths, values and principles, to be followed irrespective of the situation. The categorical imperative stated by Kant, dictates that faced by a situation, one should respond in a way which is consistent and conforms to the ethical principles. He should also be content and comfortable with the decision made with full consideration of others. Therefore, in deciding on the effective marketing

Strategic Financial Management Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Strategic Financial Management - Coursework Example In the recent past, Wetherspoons plc has become famous in converting the large and unconventional residential premises into pubs. According to the set pub standards in Britain, premises often tend to be large, using open plan layouts, which Wetherspoons has devoted to follow. The success of the company has seen it being quoted on the Stock Exchange in London becoming an active component of FTSE 250 index on the stock exchange. In the recent past, Wetherspoons has started giving support to cask ale at the time it has deemed it unfashionable to do it, something that has established it as the largest in terms being the single purchaser from the microbreweries in the United Kingdom (Martin 2012, 8). This paper examines the financial performance of Wetherspoons Company, analyzing its rations from the perspective of the investor. One of the things that make most companies successful is the fact that they have effective and successful financial management platform. Proper financial management is very important to companies and other kinds of business organisations as it helps to illustrate the accountability plans that the business soften has. It is this kind of accountability which financiers and other investors use in determining the net worth of the business for additional investments. For this reason, any business that is determined to make profits and expand its boundaries has to ensure that it creates sound financial management systems. This is actually one of the things that have Wetherspoons Company manage its growth and expansion, reaching its current form, having almost a thousand outlets with plans to increase its market share (Woodger 2010, 9). Investors are the most important people in the growth and success of any business; they always give their money and resources to the business in the expectation that the business will be profitable for them to get their expected returns in

In what way Antigone may inform us about the the war on terror, which Essay

In what way Antigone may inform us about the the war on terror, which the government of the United States is engaged in - Essay Example Antigone’s story could relate to the war on terrorism in multiple ways. In some way, Antigone and Polynices could be assumed the terrorists within the government of Thebes as presided over Creon. They chose to pursue some political goals that are not consistent with the wishes of the Creon. As such, they represented the enemy within. Creon had various options to handle the challenges brought about by the defiance of Antigone and the presumed disobedience of Polynices. However, his approach became inflexible as he was not willing to heed to the counsel of his own son and other people who had advised him to exercise some caution in handling the matter. It would be important to regard the various points of difference, which lead into the eventual tragedy of the kingdom of Thebes. Creon refused to heed to the counsel of the old seer who had warned him of the impeding tragedy. Some of the lessons about terrorism, which could be learnt from this tragedy relates to the approaches adopted. Usually, the method involved in handling terrorism determines the levels of success. It is important to consider some of the problems that relate to the matter of handling terrorism. In the context of the United States, it would be important to consider some of the issues that relate to the challenge of resolving terrorism. One of the problems of terrorism is that it operates within the system. The elements of terror in the society of Thebes were part and parcel of the establishment. Due to the insider element of terror, it is important to develop the most cautious approach that would settle the system. The tragedy in Thebes occurred because Creon refused could not reckon with his own vulnerability. It was essentially difficult to engage a system that was tied into his establishment. By destroying Antigone, Creon actually destroyed his own government. The events that followed the tragic demise of Antigone proved to be catastrophic

(Emergency Management) 2001 D.C.Sniper Case Study

(Emergency Management) 2001 D.C.Sniper - Case Study Example John Allen Muhammad was the man behind the sniper attacks, carrying out the shootings from his modified vehicle. Muhammad had an accomplice by the name Lee Boyd Malvo (Mehrotra, 2006). A number of preliminary shootings had taken place before the killer moved to Washington area. Several people were killed and several injured, surviving bullet wounds after being shot from a distance. A number of sniper attacks took place in Washington area, with some victims surviving while others died. These attacks followed the September 11 terrorist attacks in New York. On the second day of October, 2002, a gunshot was fired into a craft store that was owned by a man called Michael at around 5:20 pm. In this incident, fortunately, no one was injured in the incident. There had been previous attacks in Alabama, Los Angeles, Maryland, Virginia and Washington D.C, but this incident was not quickly connected to them (Turvey, 2011). The Aspen Hill incident marked the beginning of a trail of incidents in the Washington D.C area. On the same day that the Aspen Hill incident occurred, James Martin was shot dead at around 6:30 pm. Martin was shot at a grocery store’s parking lot in Wheaton. James Buchanan became a victim of the shooter on the 3rd of October, 2002. The incident took place at Rockville Pike, when the victim was mowing grass. On the same day, Premkumar Walekar succumbed to gunshot wounds in Aspen Hill when he was refueling his car. The incident took place at around 8:12 am. The 3rd of October, 2002 also saw the death and injury of several people at different times of the day. Sarah Ramos died at 8: 37 am after she was shot in Rossmoor Boulevard, seated on a sidewalk bench reading a book. At 9:58 am, Lori Ann was killed at a gas station in Kensington, Maryland. This marked the end of the morning trail of killings, but the day was yet to realize more killings later. Pascal Charlot was shot later that day in Georgia Avenue at around 9:15 pm. He barely

Critical Analysis of Turkey's Accession to the European Union Research Paper

Critical Analysis of Turkey's Accession to the European Union - Research Paper Example This essay will involve significant barriers and issues that have stood in the way of Turkey like human rights, law and other reforms they need to undertake. After this, the paper will try to predict the possibilities of EU entry for Turkey. The origins of the European Union can be traced back to the 1951 Treaty of Paris which established the European Coal and Steel Community. This came after the lack of cooperation and the alignment of old enemies in Europe had culminated in the two World Wars. The Second World War saw the utter destruction of the most civilized continent on the planet. The subsequent formation of the United Nations with the view of promoting human rights and global security formed the framework which gave the impetus for cooperation between nations in sub-regions. This paper stresses that the European Union is a supranational organization which is meant to build a common future for its member states through the coordination of policies within these nations. The European Union focuses on International Economic Integration of member states and this is done through free trade, customs unions, common markets and economic unions. The European Union is made up of people with majorities that are linguistically Indo-European and religiously Christians . Only Estonia is the nation that does not have these two features in its majority population. The enlargement of the European Union is done on a case-by-case basis. ... ean Union focuses on International Economic Integration of member states and this is done through free trade, customs unions, common markets and economic unions5. The primary goal or finalite politique of the European Union is to create a Federal Europe committed to welfare, security and prosperity to its member states and citizens6. This implies that the European Union is mainly focused on promoting important changes in the social and economic well being through the sharing of commonalities and the promotion of trade and other activities that promote wealth generation and economic growth. Culturally, the European Union is made up of people with majorities that are linguistically Indo-European and religiously Christians7. Only Estonia is the nation that does not have these two features in its majority population8. Entry to the European Union Although Turkey has strong connections to the European Union in both the historical and geographical sense, it is officially not a member of the European Union. This is because there are some important entry rules that all aspiring nations need to adhere to. Turkey's position on this subject wavers and they have to adjust to meet most of them. Traditionally, the enlargement of the European Union is done on a case-by-case basis9. This is because before a member state joins, members in good standing will need to examine their status and acceptability before granting them the right to accede into the Union. A notable case is that of the United Kingdom which had its application for membership vetoed by Charles de Gaulle's France on several occasions. However, in the case of the Central and Eastern European Countries (CEECs), the extension was done through a systematic approach where a group of aspiring member states were given some

Human Developmental Theories Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Human Developmental Theories - Essay Example Psychological researchers have greatly investigated all the attributed of human life that lead to nurture and development of human psychology. As a result, various theories have been originated such as reductionism, meditational, determinism, contextualism etc. Psychologists have divided such theories into certain categories (Barkway 2009, p. 21). Determinism is a theoretical approach for psychologists to evaluate human psychology which is resolute over the time in connection to the past experiences. Psychologists evaluate human psychology by viewing the past history of child. Sigmund Freud suggested that there are certain patterns that could be studied while implementing the theory of determinism (Barkway 2009, p. 21). Such aspects include parental history because it greatly affects a child’s development in the period of adolescence. Parent history has a lot in relation with the child development as parents tend to be responsible of child nurture process in every society. Secondly, the history of behaviour could be a very important aspect in understanding human psychological development (Barkway 2009, p. 22). Medical implication of deterministic theory on health care practice is the most effective way to help patients. Deterministic theory can be applied on children as it studies the events that took place in the life of a child. Certain questions could be easily answered with the implication of deterministic approach for health care practice.

Where did I go wrong in life My independent life Essay

Where did I go wrong in life My independent life - Essay Example Life was too perfect and boring with no sense of adventure and excitement. Finally, my fervent application to numerous agencies bore fruit and my first joining letter came with an attractive pay cheque, with separate room rent. Informing my parents about my decision to move out to a separate apartment in the proximity of my office, I landed into a studio apartment. The feeling was one of elation and ecstasy, for there won't be anybody to check me litter the house, nor will my pa be here to switch off the music when I listen to it full blast. I can watch my favourite TV show, without having to battle over the remote with my brother. I am finally on my own and nobody can dictate me what to and what not to do. With a feeling of euphoria, I started my independent life, which lacked discipline and a complete chaos prevailed at my apartment. I often reach home late and called friends over, partying away the entire night, and go to work the next day without sleeping a wink.

Literacy Instruction and Difficulties with Reading Essay Example for Free

Literacy Instruction and Difficulties with Reading Essay In today’s world the consequences of having students attain low achievement scores in reading can be very detrimental to both individuals and society. Students who are attaining low achievement records in literacy often correlate with the school dropout rate, poverty, and unemployment. Also the gap between reading achievement of poor and middle class students is substantial, calling for a federal regulation to ensure equal opportunities for all students no matter where they may be attending school. The standards movement and evidence-based research can have a great impact on how literacy programs are used in the classroom. Evidence-based reading instruction means that a particular reading program has a record of success. The program was tested with a group of students and there is data to show the result of the research conducted. These programs are reliable and valid in saying that the children can be expected to make adequate gains in reading achievement. Evidence-based research can be very helpful when trying to find the right literacy program to use. As there are many different types of students who learn in different ways, there will never be one single successful method of teaching children to read. When teachers are looking for literacy programs to use they should be investigating how old the students were, their current reading level, what type of setting it took place in, and if it was conducted on a one-on-one or group basis. Teachers want to find programs that have been successful and relate to their own current setting. It is crucial to make sure that the program is applicable to the students and their situation in order to have an opportunity for the program to work. Another great idea is to use this research to create your own programs based on your findings. The teacher is now becoming a teacher-researcher in order to test their own situation with their created program. This is a great way to create a program for your unique students and still have the support of research that has been shown to work. If the program is successful, it is a great idea to share it with other colleagues because it may be affective for them as well. As with any type of instruction method there are always positives and negatives. Evidence-based reading instruction promotes the fact that that particular method has had a record of being successful. Teachers can look into studies that have been tested on students similar to their own, and give these programs a try. They have been shown to be successful and provide instruction that lead to a higher literacy achievement for that group of similar students. In doing this, you know there is a good chance that the method can work with your students, as opposed to trying something new that has no research to back it up. These research studies show why and how the program works, along with providing data showing the difference it has made with the students. As stated earlier, not every child has the capacity to learn the same way. What works for one student, may not work for another. So even though these programs have been shown to work, they are not guaranteed to work for your students. As teachers in the United States we will be teaching students that come from many different cultural backgrounds. Different cultures have different opinions on the best way to educate students, however they all place great value on education for children. Some of these students may just be learning to speak English, while others have lived in the United States for their whole lives. It is important, as the teacher, to get to know each student and their cultural background. This allows you to understand the needs of the child and how they can be met. Discover the child’s strengths and weaknesses and create a plan that can be used to help that child. It is important to know what is important to each student and what may be stressed in the home. The teacher needs to take into consideration how different cultural backgrounds of students may affect the classroom dynamics and learning. Students may also have certain behaviors that are taking place in the classroom, but it could be a cultural reason for why that is taking place. The largest student group identified receiving special education services is students with learning disabilities. A learning disability is a general term that refers to a group of disorders where students may face difficulty. These disorders include learning to read, write, speak, listen, or do math. Out of all the students with learning disabilities about 80% have been diagnosed with having a reading problem. The goal for students with learning disabilities, especially reading disorders, is to be on the same academic level as our general education students. For some this is an attainable goal, where for others it is not. There are many ways we can help these students improve their literacy skills. Since many of these students are reading below grade level we need to provide them with reading materials that are at their current level. If it is too difficult they will become frustrated and may give up. These students need high interest, easy to read books so that they can begin to enjoy reading and see themselves as readers and learners. In today’s schools more than 20% of school aged children speak languages other than English at home. Many of these children have difficulty speaking English and the majority of these students having difficulty are speaking Spanish in their homes. English Language Learners need to be able to read, write and understand the English language in order to become successful in today’s classrooms. We should be focusing on the student’s strengths in order to help them understand English. One strategy is allowing students to read in their native language if they are literate in that language. This allows them to understand the same reading as another child who may be reading it in English. Many times these students are seen as reading on a lower level, but it is only because of a language barrier. They don’t understand how to read in English. There are also many books that come with translations. Having students read a book in their language and then trying to read it in English can be helpful because they understand and know what the story is about, so when they face difficulty understanding the English version they can compare and figure it out. In doing this they can also make connections to many words in their own language by using cognates. This can foster comprehension by activating prior knowledge in both languages. It is important to allow them the opportunity to read in their native language because it offers a sense of comfort and success to the student.